Stratified wind from a super-Eddington X-ray binary is slower than expected


Journal article


Marc Hisamitsu Ralf Aya Ehud Rozenn Laura Gregory V. Li Audard Awaki Ballhausen Bamba Behar Boissay-Malaqu, M. Audard, H. Awaki, R. Ballhausen, A. Bamba, E. Behar, R. Boissay-Malaquin, L. Brenneman, Gregory V. Brown, Lia Corrales, E. Costantini, R. Cumbee, M. Trigo, C. Done, T. Dotani, K. Ebisawa, M. Eckart, Dominique Eckert, T. Enoto, Satoshi Eguchi, Y. Ezoe, Adam R. Foster, R. Fujimoto, Y. Fujita, Yasushi Fukazawa, Kotaro Fukushima, A. Furuzawa, L. Gallo, Javier A. García, Liyi Gu, M. Guainazzi, Kouichi Hagino, Kenji Hamaguchi, I. Hatsukade, Katsuhiro Hayashi, T. Hayashi, N. Hell, E. Hodges-Kluck, A. Hornschemeier, Y. Ichinohe, Manabu Ishida, K. Ishikawa, Y. Ishisaki, J. Kaastra, T. Kallman, Erin Kara, S. Katsuda, Y. Kanemaru, Rich Kelley, C. Kilbourne, S. Kitamoto, S. Kobayashi, T. Kohmura, A. Kubota, M. Leutenegger, Michael Loewenstein, Y. Maeda, M. Markevitch, Hironori Matsumoto, K. Matsushita, D. McCammon, Brian McNamara, F. Mernier, E. Miller, Jon M. Miller, I. Mitsuishi, M. Mizumoto, T. Mizuno, K. Mori, K. Mukai, Hiroshi Murakami, R. Mushotzky, H. Nakajima, K. Nakazawa, J. Ness, K. Nobukawa, M. Nobukawa, Hirofumi Noda, H. Odaka, S. Ogawa, A. Ogorzałek, T. Okajima, Naomi Ota, S. Paltani, R. Petre, P. Plucinsky, F. Porter, K. Pottschmidt, Kosuke Sato, Toshiki Sato, M. Sawada, H. Seta, M. Shidatsu, A. Simionescu, Randall K. Smith, Hiromasa Suzuki, A. Szymkowiak, H. Takahashi, M. Takeo, T. Tamagawa, Keisuke Tamura, Takaaki Tanaka, A. Tanimoto, M. Tashiro, Y. Terada, Y. Terashima, Y. Tsuboi, M. Tsujimoto, H. Tsunemi, T. Tsuru, Ayşegül Tümer, Hiroyuki Uchida, N. Uchida, Y. Uchida, H. Uchiyama, Y. Ueda, S. Uno, J. Vink, S. Watanabe, Brian J. Williams, S. Yamada, S. Yamada, Hiroya Yamaguchi, K. Yamaoka, N. Yamasaki, M. Yamauchi, S. Yamauchi, T. Yaqoob, T. Yoneyama, Tessei Yoshida, M. Yukita, I. Zhuravleva, J. Neilsen, R. Tomaru, M. Mehdipour
Nature, 2025

Semantic Scholar ArXiv DOI PubMedCentral PubMed
Cite

Cite

APA   Click to copy
Boissay-Malaqu, M. H. R. A. E. R. L. G. V. L. A. A. B. B. B., Audard, M., Awaki, H., Ballhausen, R., Bamba, A., Behar, E., … Mehdipour, M. (2025). Stratified wind from a super-Eddington X-ray binary is slower than expected. Nature.


Chicago/Turabian   Click to copy
Boissay-Malaqu, Marc Hisamitsu Ralf Aya Ehud Rozenn Laura Gregory V. Li Audard Awaki Ballhausen Bamba Behar, M. Audard, H. Awaki, R. Ballhausen, A. Bamba, E. Behar, R. Boissay-Malaquin, et al. “Stratified Wind from a Super-Eddington X-Ray Binary Is Slower than Expected.” Nature (2025).


MLA   Click to copy
Boissay-Malaqu, Marc Hisamitsu Ralf Aya Ehud Rozenn Laura Gregory V. Li Audard Awaki Ballhausen Bamba Behar, et al. “Stratified Wind from a Super-Eddington X-Ray Binary Is Slower than Expected.” Nature, 2025.


BibTeX   Click to copy

@article{marc2025a,
  title = {Stratified wind from a super-Eddington X-ray binary is slower than expected},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Nature},
  author = {Boissay-Malaqu, Marc Hisamitsu Ralf Aya Ehud Rozenn Laura Gregory V. Li Audard Awaki Ballhausen Bamba Behar and Audard, M. and Awaki, H. and Ballhausen, R. and Bamba, A. and Behar, E. and Boissay-Malaquin, R. and Brenneman, L. and Brown, Gregory V. and Corrales, Lia and Costantini, E. and Cumbee, R. and Trigo, M. and Done, C. and Dotani, T. and Ebisawa, K. and Eckart, M. and Eckert, Dominique and Enoto, T. and Eguchi, Satoshi and Ezoe, Y. and Foster, Adam R. and Fujimoto, R. and Fujita, Y. and Fukazawa, Yasushi and Fukushima, Kotaro and Furuzawa, A. and Gallo, L. and García, Javier A. and Gu, Liyi and Guainazzi, M. and Hagino, Kouichi and Hamaguchi, Kenji and Hatsukade, I. and Hayashi, Katsuhiro and Hayashi, T. and Hell, N. and Hodges-Kluck, E. and Hornschemeier, A. and Ichinohe, Y. and Ishida, Manabu and Ishikawa, K. and Ishisaki, Y. and Kaastra, J. and Kallman, T. and Kara, Erin and Katsuda, S. and Kanemaru, Y. and Kelley, Rich and Kilbourne, C. and Kitamoto, S. and Kobayashi, S. and Kohmura, T. and Kubota, A. and Leutenegger, M. and Loewenstein, Michael and Maeda, Y. and Markevitch, M. and Matsumoto, Hironori and Matsushita, K. and McCammon, D. and McNamara, Brian and Mernier, F. and Miller, E. and Miller, Jon M. and Mitsuishi, I. and Mizumoto, M. and Mizuno, T. and Mori, K. and Mukai, K. and Murakami, Hiroshi and Mushotzky, R. and Nakajima, H. and Nakazawa, K. and Ness, J. and Nobukawa, K. and Nobukawa, M. and Noda, Hirofumi and Odaka, H. and Ogawa, S. and Ogorzałek, A. and Okajima, T. and Ota, Naomi and Paltani, S. and Petre, R. and Plucinsky, P. and Porter, F. and Pottschmidt, K. and Sato, Kosuke and Sato, Toshiki and Sawada, M. and Seta, H. and Shidatsu, M. and Simionescu, A. and Smith, Randall K. and Suzuki, Hiromasa and Szymkowiak, A. and Takahashi, H. and Takeo, M. and Tamagawa, T. and Tamura, Keisuke and Tanaka, Takaaki and Tanimoto, A. and Tashiro, M. and Terada, Y. and Terashima, Y. and Tsuboi, Y. and Tsujimoto, M. and Tsunemi, H. and Tsuru, T. and Tümer, Ayşegül and Uchida, Hiroyuki and Uchida, N. and Uchida, Y. and Uchiyama, H. and Ueda, Y. and Uno, S. and Vink, J. and Watanabe, S. and Williams, Brian J. and Yamada, S. and Yamada, S. and Yamaguchi, Hiroya and Yamaoka, K. and Yamasaki, N. and Yamauchi, M. and Yamauchi, S. and Yaqoob, T. and Yoneyama, T. and Yoshida, Tessei and Yukita, M. and Zhuravleva, I. and Neilsen, J. and Tomaru, R. and Mehdipour, M.}
}

Abstract

Accretion disks in strong gravity ubiquitously produce winds, seen as blueshifted absorption lines in the X-ray band of both stellar mass X-ray binaries (black holes and neutron stars)1, 2, 3–4 and supermassive black holes5. Some of the most powerful winds (termed Eddington winds) are expected to arise from systems in which radiation pressure is sufficient to unbind material from the inner disk (L ≳ LEdd). These winds should be extremely fast and carry a large amount of kinetic power, which, when associated with supermassive black holes, would make them a prime contender for the feedback mechanism linking the growth of those black holes with their host galaxies6. Here we show the XRISM Resolve spectrum of the galactic neutron star X-ray binary, GX 13+1, which reveals one of the densest winds ever seen in absorption lines. This Compton-thick wind significantly attenuates the flux, making it appear faint, although it is intrinsically more luminous than usual (L ≳ LEdd). However, the wind is extremely slow, more consistent with the predictions of thermal-radiative winds launched by X-ray irradiation of the outer disk than with the expected Eddington wind driven by radiation pressure from the inner disk. This puts new constraints on the origin of winds from bright accretion flows in binaries, but also highlights the very different origin required for the ultrafast (v ~ 0.3c) winds seen in recent Resolve observations of a supermassive black hole at a similarly high Eddington ratio7. The XRISM Resolve spectrum of the galactic neutron star X-ray binary, GX 13+1, reveals one of the densest winds ever seen in absorption lines.